Course Description

The course introduces sonographic terminology, reference planes, basic anatomy and normal sectional anatomy of the abdominal, retroperitoneal and pelvic cavities. Emphasis is placed on sonographic appearance and the relationship between organs, vessels, ligaments, and muscles. Students will be able to identify and use sonographic terminology to describe normal vessels, organs, ligaments, muscles of the abdomen and pelvis on sonographic images. Students will also be introduced to scanning protocols.

Course Outcomes

In this course you will learn how to:

·         Identify and describe the normal sonographic appearance of abdominal organs and vessels in sagittal, transverse, and coronal scanning planes on images. 

o   arteries – aorta celiac axis, SMA, splenic artery, hepatic, renal, common iliac, internal &                   external iliac

o   veins – IVC, hepatic, SMV, IMV, portal, renal, common iliac, internal, and external iliac

o   biliary system             

o   liver                

o   pancreas

o    spleen                         

o   kidneys

o   bladder             

o   adrenal glands      

o   diaphragm

·         Identify the nine regions and four quadrants of the abdominal/pelvic cavity and list the  organs in each region and quadrant.

·         Describe the relationship of the parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity to the organs and vessels in the abdominal cavity.

·         Describe and identify ligaments, fissures, and vessels on sonographic images; and how to divide the liver into segments.

·         Describe the location and sonographic appearance of the portal and hepatic venous          

            structures, and be able to differentiate between them.

·         Identify and describe the relationship between adjacent abdominal organs and vessels.  

·         Describe the relationship of the portal vein to the caudate lobe.

·         Describe the spatial relationship of the portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic ducts, and CBD.

·         Describe the relationship of the crus of the diaphragm to the aorta, IVC and adrenal glands.

·         Describe the cross-sectional relationship of the gall bladder and biliary ducts to the liver.

·         Describe the cross-sectional relationship of the kidney, IVC and aorta to the left and right adrenal glands.

·         Describe the course of the splenic artery and vein, and its relationship to the pancreas.

·         Describe the cross-sectional anatomy of the pancreas and adjacent structures and vessels.

·         Describe the course of the pancreatic ducts and the spatial relationship to the adjacent anatomy.

·         Describe the relationship of the gastroduodenal artery and common bile duct to the head of the pancreas.

·         List structures that lie adjacent to the spleen and how they are used sonographically to locate the spleen.

·         Describe the internal anatomy of the kidney.

·         Describe the internal and surface anatomy of the adrenal gland by indicating size, position, and cross-sectional anatomical relationships.

·         List and be able to locate the anatomical and sonographic landmarks used to locate   abdominal structures and pelvic anatomy.

·         Identify and describe normal female pelvic anatomy, anatomic variants, and sonographic appearances of the

o   Pelvic muscles 

o   Pelvic vasculature 

o   Peritoneal spaces 

o   Reproductive organs 

o   Suspensory ligaments 

Course Description

This hands-on sonography scanning lab reinforces the development of the psychomotor and critical thinking skills required to perform abdominal and female pelvic diagnostic sonographic examinations. Students will build upon their knowledge of the anatomical landmarks, used for imaging of the abdominal vasculature, intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs, along with the female pelvis, the first and second trimester obstetrics. Scanning planes, image orientation and Northwell protocols are emphasized. In addition, patient care, ergonomics, transducer selection, transducer placement, and ultrasound equipment care, and cleaning are included.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

·          Image the following abdominal vessels in the sagittal and transverse planes.

o   Arteries

§  Aorta

§  Celiac axis

§  Hepatic

§  Splenic

§  Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

§  Renal

o   Veins

§  Inferior vena cava (IVC)

§  Portal – including the porta hepatis

§  Hepatic

§  Superior mesenteric vein (SMV)

§  Renal

·         Follow the protocol (no Doppler or color), including, labeling, and measurements for the following sonographic exam:

o   Liver

o   Gall bladder

o   Biliary system

o   Pancreas

o   Spleen

o   Kidneys

o   RUQ

o   Complete abdomen

o   Uterus

§  Transabdominal and Transvaginal (transvaginal images assessments will be using the phantom and simulator)

o   Ovaries Transabdominal and Transvaginal (transvaginal images assessments will be using the phantom and simulator)

·         Obstetrics – (transvaginal images assessments will be using the phantom and simulator)

o   First trimester

o   Second trimester –presentation, position, placenta localization, anatomy

·         Demonstrate basic knob required to obtain optimal diagnostic images.

o   Power On/Off

o   Inputting patient data

o   Presets

o   Proper transducer selection

o   Depth

o   Focal Zone(s)

o   Time Gain Compensator (TCG)

o   Overall Gain

o   Freeze

o   Annotation

o   Calipers/Measurements

o   Harmonics

o   Calculation Packages

·         Demonstrate proper scanning ergonomics.

·         Demonstrate scanning protocols.

·         Demonstrate proper care of the transducers, ultrasound machine and accessories.

Required Resources

·         Hagen-Ansert, S.: Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 9^th Edition. Publisher: Elsevier, 2022

Course Description  

This hands-on sonography scanning lab reinforces the development of the psychomotor and critical thinking skills required to perform diagnostic sonographic examinations. You will build upon the knowledge from prior scanning labs, clinical site placement, and classroom learning. This scanning lab incorporates phantoms, simulation, and volunteers. The focus of this scanning lab includes superficial soft-tissue structures, GI tract, abdominal wall, the male pelvis, the female pelvis, OB 1st trimester and OB 2nd trimester imaging.  Scanning planes, image orientation and Northwell protocols are emphasized. In addition, patient care, ergonomics, transducer selection, transducer placement, ultrasound equipment care, and cleaning are included. 

Learning Outcomes: 

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: 

·        Acquire, identify, locate, and use Doppler appropriately and critique images of the following:  

o   Scrotum 

o   Thyroid 

o   Salivary Glands 

o   Neck Levels 

o   Appendix Landmarks 

o   Hernia 

o   Abdominal Wall 

o   Breast 

o   Prostate 

o   OB 1^st Trimester (transvaginal images assessments will be using the phantom and simulator)

o   OB 2^nd Trimester (presentation, position, placenta localization, anatomy using simulator and phantoms)

• Uterus 
• Transabdominal and Transvaginal (transvaginal images assessments will be using the phantom and simulator) 

o   Ovaries

• Transabdominal and Transvaginal (transvaginal images assessments will be using the phantom and simulator)  

·        Utilize system settings required to perform color and spectral Doppler. 

·        Demonstrate proper scanning ergonomics.  

·        Demonstrate scanning protocols.  

·        Demonstrate proper care of the ultrasound machine and transducer.  

·        Demonstrate proper patient care. 

Course Description:

This course is a continuation of OB/GYN Sonography I. The identification and sonographic imaging of female pelvic pathology is discussed with the use of case study review. The course then progresses from normal findings to structural abnormalities identified in the 1^st trimester. High risk pregnancies, fetal growth assessment, and multiple gestations are included to ensure complete assessment of 2^nd and 3^rd trimester pregnancies.

Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to:

·         Identify and describe the sonographic appearance of major fetal malformations in the 1^st trimester

·         Asses the cervix in pregnancy

·         Recognize, describe, and document the sonographic appearance of obstetrical abnormalities, diseases, pathology, and pathophysiology of the following:

o   Amniotic fluid

o   Fetal Growth

o   Placenta

o   Umbilical cord

o   Fetal membranes

o   Twin gestations

o   Cervix

o   Viability

o   Maternal factors affecting pregnancy

·         Describe prenatal screening exams and their utilization in the MFM (Maternal Fetal Medicine) department.

·         Demonstrate knowledge of pathology, physiology, pathophysiology, sonographic technique, sonographic appearance, measurements, and abnormalities of the 2^nd and 3^rd trimester

·         Evaluate scanning protocol and modification(s) based on the sonographic findings and the differential diagnoses.

o   Indications and contraindications

o   History and physical examination

o   Related imaging, laboratory, and functional testing procedures

o   Clinical differential diagnosis

Course Description:  

It includes 2-D imaging and Doppler evaluation of the normal and abnormal peripheral and extracerebral vascular system.

Learning Outcomes: 

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to identify the vascular anatomy of the upper and lower extremities and the extracerebral vessels. You will be able to demonstrate knowledge of sonographic appearances, sonographic techniques, measurements, and Doppler flow characteristics in both normal and abnormal upper and lower extremities vessels as well as the carotid arteries

You will be able to describe:

·         Describe the factors that affect arterial and venous blood flow in the circulatory system. 

·         Identify the vascular anatomy of the upper and lower extremities and the extracerebral vessels.

·         Describe the anatomy and sonographic appearance of the lower extremities venous system

·         Explain the normal and abnormal color Doppler and spectral Doppler waveforms of the vascular system.    

·         Explain the technique and appearance to identify deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities 

·         Describe normal and abnormal finding in 2-D, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler observed during: 

o    Lower extremity venous duplex examination

o    Lower extremity arterial duplex examination

o    Extracranial cerebrovascular duplex

o    Upper extremity veins

o    Upper extremity arteries

o    Aorta  

o    Renal arteries

o    Liver vessels

o    Mesenteric

Course Description:

The course aims to further enhance students' cognitive, behavioral, and psychomotor skills in performing ultrasound-guided procedures and using contrast-enhanced exams. It will also cover sonographic examinations for musculoskeletal and pediatric cases, exploring the pathological processes of diseases, including their clinical manifestations, relevant laboratory data, diagnostic tools, and eventual outcomes. Students will become familiar with sonographic images that depict both diseased and healthy states.

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

·       Discuss the use of contrast in ultrasound

·       Define the role of the sonographer in ultrasound guided interventional and interoperative exams

·       Identify anatomy, relational anatomy, anatomic variants, and sonographic appearances of normal abdominal anatomical structures.

o   Non-vascular upper and lower extremities for musculoskeletal sonography

o   Superficial soft tissue structures

o   Neonatal/infant head

o   Neonatal/infant hip

o   Neonatal/infant spine

o   Lungs

·       Define, describe, and explain physiology and pathophysiology in the normal and abnormal structures listed above.

·       Discuss sonographic techniques, measurements, sonographic appearances, and basic Doppler patterns, where applicable, in both normal and abnormal structures listed above.

Required Texts:

·       Hagen-Ansert, S.: Textbook of Diagnostic Ultrasonography, 9th Ed. (2023) Publisher: Elsevier, ISBN- ISBN: 978-0-323-82646-4

·       Rumack, C. M., & Levine, D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. Elsevier, 2024

Course Description

This course advances students' knowledge in fetal growth and normal obstetrical anatomy. Emphasis is placed on fetal assessment during the second and third trimesters, including the identification of fetal structural and genetic abnormalities and syndromes. Students will learn about clinical findings, sonographic presentations, color flow, Doppler studies, and the application of 3D and 4D ultrasound technologies.

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Discuss the technique established protocols, such as those set by the AIUM, to complete a obstetrical examination in the 2^nd and 3^rd trimester
• Identify and describe normal and abnormal fetal anatomy and pathology in sonographic images, including:
• Central nervous system
• Gastrointestinal (GI) system
• Genitourinary (GU) system
• Umbilical cord
• Cardiovascular system
• Face
• Thoracic cavity
• Neck
• Skeletal system
• Distinguish between normal and abnormal Doppler and color flow patterns in obstetrical sonographic images.
• Describe how anomalies are transmitted genetically and sonographic appearance of chromosomal anomalies
• Identify common anomalies related to trisomy 13, 18, and 21, and describe their sonographic characteristics.
• Correlate obstetrical sonographic images with clinical data and laboratory findings to create comprehensive case reports.
• Discuss the role of ultrasound in invasive fetal procedures.
• Explain the advantages of using 3D and 4D imaging for fetal evaluation.

Required Resources

Hagen-Ansert, S.: Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 9^th Edition. Publisher: Elsevier, 2022, This is a 2 Volume set ISBN-978-0-323-82646-4 

Stephenson, Susan Raatz: Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5^th Edition. Publisher: Lippincott, 2023 ISBN:978-1-9751-7698-3

Clinical training consists of supervised patient care using ultrasound to image, analyze, and record data. You will discuss cases with sonographers and physicians.  Throughout the clinical rotations, you will be responsible for specific competencies geared to assure that you are being exposed to the many duties necessary to function as a sonographer. State-of-the-art equipment is available for you to use and learn.  Clinical affiliations have been chosen to ensure a broad professional experience

Course Outcomes In this course you will learn how to:  

• Perform sonographic examinations of the non-gravid pelvis with both transabdominal and endocavitary transducers, according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate.  
• Perform sonographic examinations of the abdomen and superficial structures according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate.  
• Perform obstetrical sonographic examinations in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate.  
• Perform lower extremity venous duplex and duplex scan of extracranial arteries according to practice parameters established by national professional organizations and the protocol of the clinical affiliate.